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Additive Manufacturing vs Subtractive Manufacturing: In-depth Comparison & Differences

Additive manufacturing (AM) and subtractive manufacturing (SM) are two distinct processes that are used to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) products. AM involves the building up of 3D components from a computer-aided design (CAD) model, while SM involves the cutting away of materials from a block or sheet in order to achieve the desired shape. Both processes have their advantages and disadvantages, and it is important to understand the differences between them in order to determine which process is best suited to your needs.

What is Additive Manufacturing?

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a process in which 3D objects are created by adding successive layers of material. This process is also known as 3D printing and can be used to create complex shapes that cannot be achieved using traditional manufacturing techniques. The most common materials used in AM are plastics, metals, and ceramics. AM is often used in prototyping, as it allows for rapid fabrication of complex parts with minimal setup time.

What is Subtractive Manufacturing?

Subtractive Manufacturing (SM) is a process in which 3D objects are created by removing material from a larger block or sheet. This process is also known as machining and is often used to create complex shapes with tight tolerance requirements. The most common materials used in SM are metals and plastics. SM is often used in production, as it allows for high accuracy and repeatability.

Comparison & Differences Between Additive Manufacturing and Subtractive Manufacturing

The following is a comparison of Additive Manufacturing (AM) and Subtractive Manufacturing (SM):

• Speed: AM is typically faster than SM, as the parts can be produced in a matter of hours or days, whereas SM requires more time for tooling and setup.
• Cost: AM is typically more expensive than SM, as the cost of the materials and equipment is higher.
• Accuracy: SM is typically more accurate than AM, as the tolerance requirements are easier to achieve with SM.
• Complexity: AM is typically better suited for complex shapes, as the parts can be built layer by layer, whereas SM is limited by the size of the tooling.
• Materials: AM is often used for plastics and metals, while SM is often used for harder materials such as steel and aluminum.

Conclusion

Additive Manufacturing (AM) and Subtractive Manufacturing (SM) are two distinct processes that are used to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) products. While both processes have their advantages and disadvantages, it is important to understand the differences between them in order to determine which process is best suited to your needs. In general, AM is better suited for prototyping, while SM is better suited for production.