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Fastener standards (DIN German standard, GB national standard, ASME/FI/ANSI American standard, Q standard, PEM standard, JB standard machinery department, EN European standard, ISO international standard, JIS Japanese standard, HG chemical standard, NFE French standard, UNI Italian standard, BS British standard, other commonly used standards. National standards for fasteners: GB/T 1237-2000 Fastener Marking Methods GB/T 152.1-1988 Fasteners - Through holes for rivets GB/T 152.2-1988 Counterbores for Fasteners GB/T 152.3-1988 Fasteners - Counterbores for Cylindrical Heads GB/T 152.4-1988 Fasteners Countersunk Holes for Hexagon Bolts and Hexagon Nuts GB/T 16823.1-1997 Stress Sectional Area and Bearing Area of Threaded Fasteners GB/T 16823.2-1997 General Rules…

Introduction to Hardware Stamping Parts Hardware stamping refers to forming nonferrous metal and other plates into specified shapes by using molds and the press to provide the pressure required for processing at room temperature. Metal stampings are widely used in various fields of our lives, including some electronic devices, auto parts, decorative materials, and so on. Generally speaking, stamping parts refer to cold stamping parts. Characteristics of metal stamping parts 1. Metal stamping parts are manufactured by stamping under the premise of small material consumption. The parts are light in weight and have good stiffness. After plastic deformation of the…

The rubber joint is composed of fabric reinforced rubber parts, flat union, loose metal flange or threaded pipe flange, and is used for vibration isolation and noise reduction and displacement compensation of pipes. It is a pipe joint with high elasticity, high air tightness, medium resistance and weather resistance. It can be divided into concentric equal diameter, concentric reducer and eccentric reducer according to the shape. It can be divided into single sphere, double sphere and elbow sphere according to the structure. It can be divided into flange connection, threaded connection and threaded pipe flange connection according to the connection…

The causes of abnormal machining accuracy are hidden and difficult to diagnose. Five main reasons are summarized: the machine tool feed unit is changed or changed; The zero point offset of each axis of the machine tool is abnormal; Abnormal axial reverse clearance; Motor operation status is abnormal, that is, electrical and control parts are abnormal; Mechanical failure, such as lead screw, bearing, coupling and other components. In addition, the preparation of machining program, the selection of tools and human factors may also lead to abnormal machining accuracy. 1、 Causes of abnormal machining accuracy. The causes of abnormal machining accuracy…

During later processing, the steel plate will be deformed after cutting due to warping, resulting in scrapping of workpieces, affecting the normal use of users, and causing economic losses to the enterprise. The analysis shows that there are residual stresses in the internal and upper and lower surfaces of the steel plate after hot rolling. If the residual stresses are distributed unevenly along the width and length of the steel plate, a moment will be generated on the steel plate section, which will cause the steel plate to warp after cutting. The control measures are: 1. TMCP technology The new…

1、 Stamping parts 1. Sharp edge deburring, stamping notch roughness 6.3 2. Punch surface oxidation treatment: H.Y. or (galvanized dull color on the surface. Zn8. DC.) 3. The limit deviation of dimensions without tolerance indications shall be in accordance with GB/T 1804-92 m level 2、 Castings 1. The casting shall be free of defects such as air hole, slag inclusion and crack. 2. Unspecified casting slope is 1-2.5%% d. 3. The casting tolerance shall comply with GB6414-86CT6 4. Unspecified casting fillet is R1-R2.5. 5. The limit deviation of dimensions without tolerance indications shall be in accordance with GB/T 1804-92 m…

The aluminum laser cutting equipment used are optical fiber laser cutting machine and YAG laser cutting machine. These two types of equipment have excellent performance in cutting aluminum or other materials, such as stainless steel and carbon steel. From the experience of laser cutting aluminum materials for many years, the difference between the two is still large, which can be divided into three levels: first, the quality of cutting, second, the cutting speed, and third, the production cost (the production cost here is mainly the life loss of equipment). 1. Cutting quality Aluminum profiles are highly reflective materials, so neither…

As the main technology of steel structure fabrication and connection, welding has been widely used in the fabrication and installation of steel structures. However, the deformation problem generated in welding not only affects the appearance and service performance of steel structures, but also even leads to the scrapping of weldments if it is serious, causing direct economic losses to enterprises. Especially in the welding of large steel structures, this problem is particularly prominent. In view of this, it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the different types and causes of welding deformation, and take effective measures to control the amount of…

Modern sensors vary in principle and structure. How to reasonably select sensors according to the specific measurement purpose, measurement object and measurement environment is the first problem to be solved when measuring a certain quantity. After the sensor is determined, the corresponding measurement method and equipment can be determined. The success or failure of the measurement results, to a large extent, depends on whether the sensing is reasonable. 1. Determine the type of sensor according to the measurement object and measurement environment To carry out a specific measurement, it is necessary to first consider which principle of sensor to use,…

1、 Opening direction and parting line The opening direction and parting line of each injection molding product must be determined at the beginning of design to ensure that the core pulling slider mechanism is reduced as much as possible and the influence of parting line on the appearance is eliminated. 1. After the mold opening direction is determined, the stiffeners, buckles, bulges and other structures of the product shall be designed to be consistent with the mold opening direction as much as possible to avoid core pulling, reduce the seam line and extend the life of the mold. 2. After…