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Ductile iron is an important casting metal material developed in recent 40 years in China. The tensile strength, plasticity and toughness of nodular cast iron are higher than those of other cast iron due to the small stress concentration caused by spherical graphite and the small splitting effect on the matrix. Compared with steel with corresponding structure, the plasticity is lower than that of steel, the fatigue strength is close to that of ordinary medium carbon steel, the yield ratio can reach 0.7~0.8, almost twice that of ordinary carbon steel, and the cost is lower than that of steel, so…

Cast iron is an iron carbon alloy with a carbon content of more than 2.11% (generally 2.5~4%). It is a multi-component alloy with iron, carbon and silicon as the main components and more impurities such as manganese, sulfur and phosphorus than carbon steel. Sometimes, in order to improve the mechanical properties or physical and chemical properties of cast iron, a certain amount of alloy elements can be added to obtain alloy cast iron. 1、 Classification of cast iron According to the different forms of carbon in cast iron, cast iron can be divided into: 1. White cast iron Carbon exists…

There are many advantages to using copper for machining parts. Copper is one of the most widely used metals in the world, with high corrosion resistance and good conductivity and thermal conductivity. In this article, we will discuss the processing methods, design considerations and processing requirements of copper and copper alloys, which are not only aesthetic benefits. Copper processing technology Pure copper is difficult to process because of its high ductility, plasticity and toughness. Alloyed copper improves its machinability, and even makes copper alloys easier to machine than most other metal materials. Most machined copper parts are made of copper…

When you finish CNC machining of parts, your work is not finished. These original components may have an ugly surface, may not be strong enough, or may only be part of a component, which must be connected with other components to form a complete product. After all, how often do you use a device made up of a single component? The key point is that the post-processing process is necessary for a series of applications. Here we introduce some precautions so that you can choose the correct secondary operation for your project. In this three part series, we will introduce…

We have encountered many problems regarding the best way to fasten different 3D printing components. For example, when prototyping hardware products, it is usually necessary to make more complex assembly structures than a single 3D printing component, such as electronic enclosures or robot components. Sometimes, you may need to print the components of the building package of a 3D printer that is too large, so you need to consider the method of permanently or intermittently assembling the printing parts. One method of assembling 3D parts is to use snap fit components, but another good method is to use threads. There…

Rounded corners are one of those design features that seem to have no middle ground, or at least are not well known. Either the part does not have them and most or all edges are well defined, or the designer of the part decides to adopt the opposite route and each edge and corner is rounded with a certain size of fillet radius. Fillet is very useful in the design field, especially when the part is to be CNC machined, which will be our main assumption in the following example. This article will reveal that fillets are a bad idea,…

1. Minimize the number of parts Find ways to assemble parts. For example, many electronics enclosures use movable hinges instead of knuckle hinges. When routing, select a molded guide feature or use a thermoformed guide (such as an old LazerTag gun). Speaking of minimizing the number of parts 2. Built in fasteners Whenever possible, build assembly features directly into the part instead of using screws. Snap fit is usually equally safe and can be assembled without tools. Sometimes screws are necessary, but the economical use of fasteners may consume up to 50% of the assembly labor. It should be noted…

Whether it is supplier review, customer or peer factory visit, acquisition target evaluation, or internal on-site management, a lot of on-site observation is involved. However, due to time constraints, on-site observation often requires relevant personnel to have a good eye for quick assessment and judgment in a very short time. 1. The importance of on-site observation Field observation is the basis for continuous improvement. Toyota's Niichi Ono has made the best of the on-site observation. Even on the factory's day off, he will take the management personnel to the site and let them stand in the workshop quietly to observe…

01 Concept of surface roughness Surface roughness refers to the micro geometric form error composed of small spacing and small peaks and valleys on the machined surface, which can be understood as the unevenness of small spacing and small peaks and valleys during product processing. The smaller the micro geometric error of the machined surface is, the higher the surface accuracy is; On the contrary, it is lower. Surface geometry error: Roughness: the term reflecting the micro geometric shape error of the machined surface of the part is called surface roughness. The surface geometric shape error with wave distance less…

1. Resistance welding This is a kind of welding method using resistance heat as energy source, including electroslag welding using slag resistance heat as energy source and resistance welding using solid resistance heat as energy source. Resistance welding is generally a welding method that makes the workpiece under a certain electrode pressure and uses the resistance heat generated when the current passes through the workpiece to melt the contact surface between the two workpieces to realize the connection. Higher currents are usually used. To prevent arcing on the contact surfaces and to forge the weld metal, always apply pressure during…