Wood products processing refers to the processing process of changing the shape, size and surface quality of wood by destroying the connection between wood fibers through cutters. The machinery for processing wood products is called woodworking machinery. Woodworking machinery is widely used in construction, furniture, factory wood mold processing and home decoration industries. There are many kinds of woodworking machines, which can be divided into woodworking sawing machine, planer, milling machine, drilling machine, lathe and sanding machine according to their working principle, scope of application and performance structure. Woodworking machinery and equipment belong to equipment with high operational risk. Since most of them are fed by the operator’s hands, and both hands are close to the cutter, it is very easy to have safety accidents. During processing, a large amount of wood chips, dust and noise will be produced, which are harmful to human health.
(1) hazards arising from wood products processing
1.1 during the processing of dangerous wood products with parts or tools flying out of woodworking machinery, the parts and tools on the machine tool break and fly out due to unexpected conditions, which may lead to injury accidents. For example, the broken saw blade on the band saw machine, the broken sand belt on the sanding machine, and the flying blade that is not clamped on the woodworking planer.
1.2 danger of contact with workpieces during working: during processing, contact with the processed workpieces may cause injury. Most woodworking machines use manual feeding, which is one of the reasons for easy injury to hands. When the wood is pushed in by hand, the hand will unconsciously contact with the cutting edge when encountering knots, bends or other abnormal conditions, resulting in cuts or even broken fingers.
1.3 danger caused by operators’ violation of operating procedures
Many injuries are caused by man. The operator is not familiar with the performance of woodworking machinery and safety operation procedures, or does not operate according to the safety operation procedures. In addition, the woodworking machinery and equipment are not equipped with safety protection devices or the safety protection devices fail, which is very easy to cause injury accidents.
1.4 danger of contacting high-speed rotating tools
The rotating speed of the working knife shaft of woodworking machinery is very high, generally up to 2500 ~ 6000 R / min and up to 20000 R / min, with large rotating inertia. In order to stop the motor as soon as possible after the motor is stopped, the operator is often used to braking with his hand or a wooden stick, often causing injury due to inadvertent contact with sharp knives.
1.5 dangerous wood chips flying out: during the processing of wood products, a large amount of wood chips will be produced. If the circular saw is not equipped with a protective cover, the sawn wood chips or fragments may fly to the operator’s face at a high speed (more than 100 km / h), causing serious injury to the operator.
1.6 danger of combustion and explosion of wood or wood powder: wood is inflammable. When the wood powder produced during processing reaches a certain concentration in the air, it will form an explosive mixture. When the wood powder is accumulated too much in the workshop, especially when it comes into contact with the radiator or steam pipe, it is easy to cause smoldering.
1.7 compared with other machines, most woodworking machines have low manufacturing accuracy, lack of necessary safety protection devices, or devices fail, and are prone to accidents due to many manual operations.
1.8 danger of electric shock
Most of the motors used in woodworking machine tools are three-phase 380 V power supply. Once the insulator is damaged, it is easy to cause electric shock accidents.
1.9 danger of injury by workpieces on multi blade woodworking circular sawing machine and woodworking planing machine without backstop, it is easy to cause injury by rebound of workpieces.
(2) harmful factors in wood products processing
2.1 noise
Woodworking machinery has high speed, fast feeding and uneven wood hardness, so the noise generated during processing is large. The operators work in this environment for a long time, with high labor intensity, easy to produce fatigue, feel irritable, affect health, and easily cause casualties due to misoperation.
2.2 dust
During the operation of woodworking machinery, the wood chips generated fly at high speed, and a large amount of tiny dust is suspended in the air, which is very easy to be inhaled by people. In the long run, it will have adverse effects on people’s health.
2.3 vibration
Woodworking machine tool has high speed and fast feeding, which will cause strong local vibration during feeding. Especially when the wood is uneven, such as when encountering knots, bends or other defects, it is more likely to produce vibration, and long-term vibration will bring adverse effects on human health.
2.4 high labor intensity
Most of the wood processing is manually loaded, and some of the wood weighs 3050kg. When transporting, stacking, transporting and handling, high-intensity labor operations are often required.
2.5 humidity and high temperature
Generally speaking, the humidity in the working area of wood processing is relatively high, and the equipment for drying wood will produce high temperature, which will bring adverse effects to people.
(3) causes of woodworking machinery accidents
3.1 direct cause
The direct causes of mechanical injury accidents can be summarized into three aspects: unsafe behavior of operators, unsafe state of equipment and unsafe factors of environment.
3.1.1 unsafe behaviors of operators
The so-called unsafe behavior of the operator refers to the operator’s inattention or mental strain during work, or the operator’s lack of understanding of the machine structure and the performance of the processed workpiece, or the operator’s unskilled operation and failure to comply with the safety operation procedures during operation, or improper use of personal protective equipment and safety protection devices of equipment. Specific performance:
(1) Operation error, ignoring safety, ignoring warning. Including starting, stopping and moving the machine without permission; No signal is given when starting or stopping the machine; The switch is not locked, causing accidental rotation; Forget to turn off the equipment; Ignore warning signs and warning signals; Wrong operation (if the wrong button is pressed, the operation direction of wrench and handle is opposite); The feeding speed is too fast; Mechanical overspeed; The workpiece and tool are not fastened firmly; The cutting amount is too large during machining.
(2) Causing the safety device to fail. The safety device is removed, and the safety device loses its function. The adjustment error causes the safety device to fail.
(3) Operate with hands instead of tools. The chip is directly cleaned by hand, and the workpiece is directly machined by hand without using a fixture.
(4) During the operation of the machine, refueling, repair, inspection, adjustment, welding or cleaning shall be carried out.
(5) Wear unsafe clothing. Do not wear personal protective equipment or neglect the use of personal protective equipment in operations or occasions where personal protective equipment and appliances must be used. For example, when working near equipment with rotating parts, wear loose and loose clothes, and wear gloves and slippers when operating equipment with rotating parts.
(6) Access to dangerous parts unintentionally or without troubleshooting. If the jammed objects are cleaned between two relatively moving parts and equipment without protective covers, serious injuries such as crushing, pinching, cutting, crushing or human limbs being involved may be caused. In addition to unreasonable mechanical structure design, it is also caused by illegal operation.
3.1.2 unsafe state of mechanical equipment
The unsafe state of the equipment refers to the defects in the mechanical design and manufacturing, and the lack of functions of machine parts, accessories and safety protection devices. Specific performance:
(1) Protection, insurance, signal, etc. are missing or defective. ① Unprotected. There is no protective cover, no safety device, no alarm device, no safety signs, no guardrail or guardrail damage, no electrical grounding of equipment, poor insulation, large noise, no limit device, etc. ② Improper protection. The protective cover is not in place, the protective device is not adjusted properly, the safety distance is not enough, and the live part of the electrical device is exposed.
(2) Equipment, facilities, tools and accessories are defective. ① The design is improper and the structure does not meet the safety requirements. The brake device is defective, and there is no emergency stop device; the woodworking circular saw machine is not provided with a material divider; the woodworking planing machine is not provided with a reverse stop device. ② The strength is not enough. The strength of mechanical parts is not enough, the insulation strength is not enough, the selected materials do not meet the requirements of safety standards, and the high-speed spindle is not dynamically balanced. ③ The equipment operates under abnormal conditions. The equipment operates with “disease” and overload. ④ Poor maintenance and adjustment. Equipment out of repair, improper maintenance, equipment failure, no lubricating oil, etc.
3.1.3 environmental unsafe factors
The unsafe factors of the environment are poor lighting, inappropriate temperature or humidity, high noise, unreasonable equipment layout, disorderly placement of spare parts, etc. Specific performance:
(1) The environment of the production site is poor. ① Poor lighting. Including insufficient illumination, diffuse smoke and dust in the workplace, unclear vision, strong light, glare, etc. ② Poor ventilation. No ventilation or low efficiency of ventilation system. ③ The workplace is narrow. ④ The operation site is messy. Unsafe stacking of tools, products and materials.
(2) Unsafe storage method. Articles and materials are stacked too high and unstable.
(3) The ground is slippery. There are oil or other liquids on the ground, and there are slippery objects such as cylindrical pipes and material heads on the ground.
3.2 indirect causes almost all indirect causes of accidents are related to human errors, although the operators directly related to the accidents did not make any mistakes. These indirect causes may be due to the mistakes made by the design, equipment manufacturing, installation and commissioning, maintenance and other personnel.
3.2.1 technical and design defects
(1) Design error. Accident prevention should start from design. Most unsafe conditions are caused by improper design. Due to the limitation of technology and knowledge level and insufficient experience, it may not take necessary safety measures and make the mistake of thoughtlessness or carelessness. Design errors include inaccurate strength calculation, improper material selection, unsafe equipment appearance, unreasonable structural design, improper operating mechanism, and failure to design safety devices. Even if the manipulator selected by the designer is correct, if the position on the control panel is not correct, it may be confused by the operator during operation and cause operation error, or the operator’s reaction time may be improperly increased and the operator may make an error.
(2) Manufacturing error. Even if the design is correct, if there is an error in manufacturing the equipment, it will become an accident potential. Special attention shall be paid to prevent errors during the production of key components and assembly. Common manufacturing errors include improper processing methods (such as riveting instead of welding), insufficient processing accuracy, improper assembly, wrong or missing parts, and parts not fixed or fixed firmly. Nicks, indentations on workpieces, scars caused by tools and rough machining may also cause stress concentration and cause equipment failure during operation.
(3) Installation error. During installation, different shafts of rotating parts, poor adjustment (too tight, too loose) of shaft, bearing and gear engagement, uneven installation of equipment, untightening of foundation bolts, and forgetting to take out the tools, parts and cotton yarn left in the equipment may cause equipment failure. (4) Repair error. Failure to regularly lubricate moving parts and failure to replace parts according to maintenance requirements when deterioration of parts is found are all maintenance errors. When the equipment is overhauled and reassembled, similar errors may occur as when the new equipment is initially assembled. Safety device is one of the key points for maintenance personnel. The failure of safety devices without timely repair, the failure to stop the overload operation of equipment, and the operation of equipment with “disease” all belong to poor maintenance.
3.2.2 insufficient education and training
The indirect causes of the accident are untrained, low professional quality of operators, lack of safety knowledge and self-protection ability, unskilled operation skills, inattention at work, irresponsibility to work, emotional fluctuation due to external influence, and non-compliance with operating procedures.
3.2.3 management defects
The labor management system is unsound and unreasonable. The rules and regulations are not strictly implemented and rules are not followed. Lack of inspection or guidance on site work. There is no safety operation procedure or the safety procedure is incomplete. Lack of supervision, lack of attention to safety work, unsound organization, and failure to establish or implement safety production responsibility system. No or no accident prevention measures are seriously implemented, and the accident potential, investigation and rectification are not effective. All these defects in management can cause accidents, and the key reason is that the enterprise management personnel do not pay attention to them. The causes of mechanical accidents are divided into direct causes and indirect causes. But fundamentally speaking, all mechanical accidents are caused by human factors. The design, manufacturing, transportation, installation, operation, maintenance, management, dismantling and other links of machinery are all completed by people. As long as there is a little negligence, accidents and injuries may be caused. Therefore, when analyzing the causes of accidents, whether it is the direct or indirect causes, human factors always play a decisive role.
(4) safety measures for preventing accidents of woodworking machinery
Safety measures include safety measures taken by design and manufacturing stages and supplementary measures taken by users. Design and manufacturing are the source of safety of woodworking machinery. When the measures in the design and manufacturing stage are insufficient to avoid or fully control various dangers, the user shall take supplementary safety measures to minimize the risks. The measures to prevent accidents of woodworking machinery mainly include the following aspects:
(1) Realize intrinsic safety. This refers to adopting direct safety technical measures, selecting the best design scheme, and manufacturing and inspection in strict accordance with the standards; Mechanization, automation and computer technology shall be reasonably adopted to eliminate or limit risks to the maximum extent and realize the intrinsic safety performance of the machinery itself.
(2) Safety protection device shall be adopted. If the safety cannot or cannot be fully realized by direct safety technical measures, indirect safety technical measures can be adopted, that is, one or more safety protection devices can be designed for mechanical equipment to prevent and control accidents to the maximum extent. It should be noted that when safety protection measures are selected to avoid a certain risk, it is necessary to be vigilant against another possible risk.
(3) Usage information. If neither the direct safety technical measures nor the indirect safety technical measures can fully control the risks, it is necessary to adopt the indicative safety technical measures to inform and warn the users of some residual risks. For example, paste warning signs on the machine tool, and give safety tips in the operating instructions.
(4) Additional precautions. It includes emergency measures in case of emergency, such as emergency stop measures, escape and rescue measures in case of danger, safety measures for installation, transportation, storage and maintenance, etc.
(5) Safety management measures. This refers to the establishment and improvement of safety management organizations, the formulation of targeted safety rules and regulations, the implementation of planned supervision of mechanical equipment, especially the inspection and scrapping of key mechanical equipment and parts that have an important impact on safety, and the selection and allocation of personal protective equipment.
(6) Personnel training and education. The vast majority of accidents are directly or indirectly related to human behavior and fault. Therefore, safety education for employees should be strengthened, including safety laws and regulations education, risk awareness education, safety skills education, post training for special types of workers and employment with certificates, and necessary rescue skills should be mastered.
(5) conclusion
The complexity of woodworking machinery products determines that it is often necessary to adopt a variety of measures to eliminate a certain risk or reduce a certain risk. Each measure has its own scope of application and limitations. All available countermeasures should be carefully analyzed, weighed and compared, and the best countermeasures should be found on the basis of comprehensive and thoughtful consideration of various constraints, and provided to the designer for decision-making. Finally, the purpose of ensuring the safe use of woodworking machinery products can be achieved.
For enterprises producing woodworking machinery products, it is undoubtedly a prerequisite for improving the technical level of mechanical safety of products, obtaining market access and an important way to expand the market share of products to strive to improve the safety design ability of their mechanical equipment, adopt the safety standards of woodworking machinery, continuously accumulate information and experience on safe use of products, and enhance the inspection and testing methods on mechanical safety performance.
For enterprises producing wood products, establish and improve safety management organizations, formulate targeted safety rules and regulations, implement planned supervision on mechanical equipment, and select and equip personal protective equipment. Strengthening safety education for employees, including safety laws and regulations education, risk knowledge education, safety skills education, on-the-job training for personnel of special types of work and working with certificates, and mastering necessary rescue skills, is an important guarantee to minimize mechanical accidents.
Safety operation rules for mechanical woodworking
1. Purpose
This procedure is formulated to standardize the operation of mechanical carpentry to avoid personal injury accidents.
2. Scope of application
It is applicable to production workshops or workplaces with mechanical carpentry posts.
3. Operating procedures
3.1 general safety operation procedures for mechanical woodworking
3.1.1 before starting the machine, first check whether the safety devices of all parts are complete and reliable, otherwise the machine cannot be started.
3.1.2 the fire-fighting equipment in the wood storage and processing site must be complete, reliable and easy to use. Open fire and smoking are not allowed in the workplace. Inflammable materials and oil cotton yarn are not allowed to be placed on and near the wood. The wood in each place should be stacked neatly and not affect the smoothness of the road to ensure safety.
3.1.3 the machine tool shall be kept clean, the safety devices at the rotating parts shall be complete and reliable, and the grounding wires shall be in good condition. The screws, nuts and fasteners at all parts shall not be loosened. It is prohibited to put sundries on the tool table.
3.1.4 all kinds of tools and cutting tools can be used only after inspection, without damage and crack.
3.1.5 start the exhaust fan first and then start the machine. After the machine is started, the main shaft can be operated normally. It is not allowed to transfer wood, tools, workpieces, etc. from above the mechanical part. The loading and unloading of parts and cutting tools must be carried out after the machine tool is stopped stably. In case of any abnormality, the machine tool shall be stopped immediately.
3.1.6 after the machine tool is started, the body shall not be close to the rotating part. The operator shall stand at a safe position. It is strictly prohibited to measure the workpiece size during the operation of the machine. The wood chips must be cleaned after the vehicle stops stably.
3.1.7 when sawing and planing machines process long materials, there should be someone on the opposite side to receive the materials. The upper hand and the lower hand should be well matched. The hand should be more than 300mm away from the cutting tool. Small workpieces should be pushed with a push bar.
3.1.8 when processing large materials and multiple persons cooperate, one person must be appointed for command and coordination.
3.1.9 a reasonable cutting speed shall be selected according to the thickness, hardness and turbidity of the wood. Before processing the wood, iron nails, iron wires and other hard objects shall be removed from the wood.
3.1.10 after the work is completed, cut off the power supply and let it stop automatically. It is not allowed to use hands or other objects to forcibly brake. After the stop, clean the machine tool, arrange the tools, and place the wood and workpieces.
3.2 safety operation procedures for carpenters
3.2.1 after the wood is clamped, the chuck must be rotated by hand for correction, and check whether the tool bar, tool rest and top screw are firm, and then connect the power supply for commissioning.
3.2.2 in order to ensure safety during the processing of slender workpieces, the tailstock center must be firmly pressed.
3.2.3 when installing the tool, the length of the tool bar protruding from the tool holder shall be less than 5cm, and the tool bar shall be kept at a length of 50cm. When processing large wood (with a diameter of more than 50 cm), the cutter must be fixed on the horse pole, the turning tool must be clamped, and the feeding must not be too fierce.
3.2.4 turning is not allowed for small workpieces with knots. When large workpieces have knots, it is not allowed to drive fast. Other hard objects in the wood shall be removed in time, otherwise it is not allowed to process.
3.2.5 when turning wood with irregular edges and corners, the turning tool shall be fixed first, the edges and corners shall be removed, and then the turning tool shall be used for fine machining.
3.2.6 when turning the first tool, the feed amount shall be small. When polishing with sandpaper and cloth, the right hand shall be in front and the left hand shall be behind. The force shall be uniform to prevent overheating and burning the hand. It is not allowed to touch the workpiece by hand.
3.2.7 the wood glued with glue must be placed for 24 hours before it can be processed on the lathe.
3.2.8 the rotation speed of the lathe shall be determined according to the overall dimension and structure of the processed parts, and shall not be too high to prevent flying out and injuring people.
3.3 safety operation procedures for wood circular Sawers
3.3.1 the disc seat shall be equipped with wedges and protective covers. The saw blade shall be fastened and perpendicular to the center line of the shaft. There shall be no vibration when starting. Before starting, check whether all parts are in good condition and effective, and then operate after idling for 2 minutes.
3.3.2 check the tightness, perpendicularity and fixing pin of the saw blade. The saw blade with cracks, unevenness, unsmoothness and unsmoothness cannot be used.
3.3.3 it is not allowed to process irregular (such as arc-shaped) workpieces on the circular saw. The sawn work shall not be pulled back in the opposite direction.
3.3.4 the sawing machine must be stopped.
3.3.5 the cutting capacity of the sawing machine should not be too long. After changing the diameter of the saw blade, the speed must be adjusted to ensure safety.
3.3.6 when processing thin and small materials, auxiliary tools shall be used instead of direct feeding by hand.
3.3.7 after the machine tool is started, people should avoid the rotating direction of the saw plate, and their hands or bodies should not approach the saw teeth.
3.3.8 the height of the saw blade on the table must be 1.5cm higher than the thickness of the processed material. It is not allowed to lift the material above the saw blade when pulling the material to prevent injury.
3.3.9 when the saw blade does not stop rotating, it is prohibited to adjust and brake with hands or other things.
3.4 safety operation procedures for wood planers
3.4.1 the cutting tools shall be sharp, firmly installed, and the protective devices and equipment parts shall be in good condition and effective. When planing the plane, the appropriate cutting amount shall be selected according to the soft and hard materials and the performance requirements of the machine tool.
3.4.2 pressing plate or pusher bar must be used for shorter workpieces. When pushing the wood by hand, the hand shall not pass over the planer, nor push it against the wood with the abdomen. When receiving the wood, the person shall stand on the side, the distance between the hand and the planer shall be more than 300 mm, the pushing speed shall be slow, and the planer shall not exceed 0.1 mm of the workbench. When working, pay attention to knots, nails and other metal objects at any time.
3, 4 and 3 two person operation shall be concentrated and coordinated. Wood less than 400mm long, 50mm wide and 20mm thick shall not be processed on large flat planing machine and wood less than 300mm long, 40mm wide and 20mm thick shall not be processed on small planing machine.
3.4.4 no abnormal wood shall be planed, and the wood width of the planer head shall not be too long.
3.4.5 adjust the planing deformed wood, and the wood width of the planing die head shall not be too long.
3.4.6 when processing the narrow surface of the thin plate, the thin plate must be against the backing plate, and it is strictly prohibited to leave the backing plate for single plate planing, so as to prevent the material from hurting the hands.
3.5 safety operation procedures for wood press planer
3.5.1 planing specification: for large pressure planing, the material shall not be less than 500mm long and 10mm thick, and for small pressure planing, the material shall not be less than 300mm long and 10mm thick.
3.5.2 the wood with different thickness shall not be pushed on the planing at the same time, and the cutting amount shall be selected according to the provisions of the machine tool.
3.5.3 when the thickness of wood is less than 15 mm, or when there are knots and hard and miscellaneous wood planed, the cutting amount shall not exceed 2 mm for large pressing planer and 1 mm for small pressing planer.
3.5.4 when planing wood with a length of more than 2 meters, there must be someone at the outlet side to receive the wood and keep it parallel to the platform. The distance between the hand and the feeding shaft should be more than 150 mm.
3.5.5 when the feeding is blocked, it is not allowed to push it. Stop the machine immediately for inspection. Tools shall be used to remove the shavings, not hands.
3.5.6 when feeding the wood, select the flat side of the wood to be close to the table, and the wood must pass through the planer. Special auxiliary tools shall be provided when machining triangular surfaces.
3.6 safety operation procedures for wood floormen
3.6.1 before work, first check whether the safety protection devices are in good condition and complete, clamp the drill firmly, and do not wear gloves and scarves during work.
3.6.2 properly master the drilling pressure and speed according to the nature of wood.
3.6.3 any processed part must be equipped with special fixing tools, and it is not allowed to touch or press the processed part directly.
3.6.4 when changing the drill bit, the machine must be stopped. It is not allowed to touch the rotating part with hands, cotton yarn and other objects.
3.6.5 the wood chips drilled shall not be blown by mouth to avoid flying into the eyes.
3.6.6 when exchanging workpieces, stop the machine.
3.7 safety operation procedures for wood universal Sawers
3.7.1 check whether the protection and safety devices are reliable, and check whether the wedge guard and saw blade are in good perpendicularity.
3.7.2 when adjusting the cutting direction and angle, the machine must be stopped.
3.7.3 when cutting the wood, the wood must be close to the grid and pressed.
3.7.4 safety cover must be installed when installing saw blade tenon.
3.7.5 the cracked saw blade shall not be used.
3.8 safety operation procedures for tenoning machinist
3.8.1 check whether the blade, cutter head and cutter head with handle are fastened, whether the blade is cracked and whether the cutter teeth are in good condition.
3.8.2 the weight of the opposite blades installed on the same cutter head shall be equal.
3.8.3 if there is hardwood or knots, the wood shall be processed at a reduced speed.
3.8.4 after the workpiece is sent to the feeder truck, it must be leveled and compacted.
3.8.5 the feeding of the sliding plate shall be uniform and there shall be no sudden advance.
3.8.6 the operator shall stand on the side of the machine tool and keep his head away from the flying direction of chips.
3.8.7 if the workpiece is too long, a movable support shall be placed at the tail end.
3.9 safety operation procedures for wood milling machine workers
3.9.1 check whether all parts of the machine tool and milling cutter are fastened and vertical, whether pins and pressing plates are firm, and whether belt clamps are normal. Whether there is any problem with the reciprocation of the workbench and whether the protective device is in good condition during the no-load operation.
3.9.2 the workpieces must be adjusted and clamped. When processing hard materials or large workpieces with knots, the feeding shall be slowed down. If there are too many knots in the wood, it shall not be processed.
3.9.3 when the wood enters abnormally or the milling cutter takes out the workpiece, stop the machine immediately and continue to work after the cutter is adjusted.
3.9.4 the workpiece shall not be processed with reverse stroke.
3.9.5 when feeding with the chute, pay attention to whether the workpiece is fastened on the chute.
3.9.6 when processing long materials, the redundant parts shall be supported by brackets.
3.10 safety operation procedures for wood polisher
3.10.1 it is not allowed to stand in the opposite direction of the grinding wheel to see the condition of the workpiece to prevent wood chips from flying into the eyes.
3.10.2 the size of polished parts is appropriate.
a. The degree and thickness shall not exceed the radius of the grinding disc.
b. The length must not affect the operator’s viewing of the polishing process.
3.10.3 the workpiece shall be placed on the downward rotating half surface for polishing, and the hand shall not be close to the grinding plate.
3.10.4 it is not allowed to work with a cracked grinding disc.
3.10.5 the positioning handle of the workbench must be firm without looseness.
3.10.6 it is forbidden to grind the wooden parts that are easy to roll.
3.11 safety operation procedures for wood automatic planer
3.11.1 all rotating parts on the equipment must be equipped with safety protection covers and used correctly.
3.11.2 check whether the key parts of the machine and equipment are in good condition, and start the machine after confirming that everything is normal.
3.11.3 when the planer blade is mounted, after the screws clamping the planer blade are fastened, it must be checked whether they are firm and reliable to prevent the planer blade from flying out and injuring people.
3.11.4 when grinding the planer blade with oil stone, the planer blade shaft must be firmly controlled, and no movement is allowed to prevent hand injury.
3.11.5 when starting, the staff on the same vehicle must be informed to pay attention, that is, start the machine.
3.11.6 when the material is transferred, it shall be in the direction of the machine to prevent the uneven thickness of the wood and injury caused by inversion.
3.11.7 the operator shall stand on the side of the machine (avoid the feeding port) and shall not face the machine.
3.11.8 after the work is completed, cut off the power supply and clean the machine and the environment.
3.12 safety operation procedures for wood grinder
3.12.1 all rotating parts on the equipment must be equipped with safety protection devices.
3.12.2 except for the working part, the safety cover of grinding wheel must cover at least two-thirds.
3.12.3 mechanical and electrical equipment, grinding wheel fastening and safety protection cover shall not be allowed to work until they are confirmed to be in good condition.
3.12.4 check whether the grinding wheel has cracks and replace it immediately.
3.12.5 the wheel with the same inner diameter as the shaft diameter must be used to replace the grinding wheel.
3.12.6 when loading and unloading the worn tool, it must be replaced after the vehicle is stable.
3.12.7 the operator is not allowed to stand facing the grinding wheel.
3.12.8 when clamping the sharpened tool, correct and fix the screws.
3.12.9 it is strictly prohibited to grind non cutting tools on the grinding wheel of the equipment.
3.13 safety operation procedures for rubber boiling workers
3.13.1 it is not allowed to use hot fire to boil the glue. The glue must be boiled in a separate room.
3.13.2 check that the heating equipment is closed again without obstacles.
3.13.3 check frequently to prevent glue overflow.
3.13.4 after the glue is boiled, power off and switch off.
3.13.5 clean the indoor sanitation.
3.14 safety operation procedures for wood dryers
3.14.1 check whether the electrical equipment and heating pipes are in good condition and whether there is air leakage.
3.14.2 the steel wire rope, winch and track must be in good condition and free of fault.
3.14.3 the wood entering the kiln shall be stacked neatly and reliably, and the materials shall not be stacked too high.
3.14.4 no one is allowed to stand at the edge of the stack when the wood is removed.
3.14.5 when pushing an empty vehicle, it is forbidden to ride and run.
3.14.6 during the drying process, if any abnormal sound is found, it must be reported to the relevant leaders for timely treatment.
3.14.7 the open heating pipe shall not exceed the specified air pressure.
3.14.8 it is not allowed to repair any pipes and parts with air.
3.14.9 it is not allowed to walk on the drying car during sampling.
3.14.10 inflammables are not allowed around the drying kiln, and fire extinguishers shall be complete and intact.
3.14.11 after drying, all valves shall be closed, original records shall be filled, and sanitation shall be cleaned.
3.15 safety operation procedures for wood handlers
3.15.1 when transporting wood with vehicles, the vehicles must be in good condition. The loading and unloading shall not be too violent, too high or too heavy. The roads shall be smooth and the personnel shall cooperate well. It is not allowed to pull, push or bump violently.
3.15.2 the wood shall be stacked in order, and shall not block the passage or hinder the work.
3.15.3 when carrying long poles, pay attention to the front, back, left and right, and do not collide with equipment and people. Be careful and slow when turning; Two or more people should lift materials on the same shoulder, and the action of putting materials on the lower shoulder should be consistent.
3.15.4 large timber shall be placed flat on the ground. It is not allowed to stand against the wall. Round timber shall be placed firmly.
3.16 safe operation procedures for tractor driver
3.16.1 the driver must undergo professional training, be examined and approved by relevant departments, and be issued with qualification certificates before he can operate alone. It is strictly prohibited to drive without a license. In addition to holding an internship certificate, the trainee driver must be accompanied by a formal driver.
3.16.2 it is prohibited to drive after drinking. Smoking, eating and chatting are prohibited during driving.
3.16.3 before starting the vehicle, check whether the brake, steering wheel, horn, lighting, hydraulic system and other devices are sensitive and reliable. It is strictly prohibited to leave the vehicle with faults.
3.16.4 when starting, check whether there are people and obstacles around, and then sound the horn to start. In case of adverse conditions during driving, slow down. Driving in the plant area shall not exceed 10 kilometers per hour; The speed of entering and leaving the factory door, workshop and warehouse door shall not exceed 5km per hour, and the speed in the workshop and warehouse shall not exceed 3km per hour.
3.16.5 when the vehicle is in operation and has not stopped, no one is allowed to get on or off the vehicle, pick up or jump off the vehicle, and no one is allowed to ride on other parts of the vehicle.
3.16.6 after the work is completed, the vehicle must be braked stably, and the gear must be removed to stop the engine.
3.17 safety operation procedures for packaging woodworking
3.17.1. Safety helmet must be worn to enter the site.
3.17.2 smoking is strictly prohibited in the workplace, and fire prevention equipment must be complete and effective. Comply with the safety operation regulations for hand carpenters, mechanical workers and tools and equipment used.
3.17.3. The rotating parts such as straight edge planer and cutting planer must be equipped with safety devices, and it is prohibited to disassemble without permission. Tools not used for the time being shall not be placed on the edge of the wooden table and wooden raft, so as not to hurt the legs and feet.
3.17.4 when packing large-scale machines and equipment, do not climb up and jump down, and use ladders to get up and down.
3.17.5. When lifting timber and packing boxes, it is required to follow the safety operation procedures for hookers. The boxes should be kept horizontal. It is not allowed to lift them obliquely. It is not allowed to pass through the heads. When dangerous situations such as breaking and sliding are found during lifting, the crane shall be immediately commanded to drop the hook at an appropriate place. It is not allowed to use the crane to pull and press the wood below.
3.17.6. Good lighting must be provided during night work. Do not use fire for heating in the workplace.
3.17.7. Boards with nails shall not be thrown at random. They shall be placed in a safe place or the nails shall be taken out and bent.
3.17.8. When sawing wood on the packaging box, be sure to check whether there are people below. It is not allowed to throw materials, objects and hand tools down to avoid hurting people.
3.17.9. The connecting screws of the bottom edge and each part of the packaging box must be tightened without omission.
3.17.10. If the packaging box is manufactured in large quantities, the bridge plate between the boxes shall be placed on a special ladder, or a fixed cross beam shall be nailed between the two boxes, and the bridge plate can be put above.
3.17.11. After the work is completed, all tools, objects and materials shall be cleaned, the surroundings of the work place shall be cleaned, and the materials and wood chips shall be transported out in time.
3.18 general safety regulations for building carpentry
3.18.1. Strictly abide by the safety regulations for construction work at height and the safety regulations for manual carpentry.
3.18.2. Check the tools used before work. If they are damaged or loose, repair them in time and do not use them.
3.18.3. The workplace shall be kept clean, and shavings, wood chips and wastes shall slide out of the site at any time. The workplace shall be equipped with fire-fighting facilities. Smoking or lighting open flames is strictly prohibited. Sharp objects in the workplace and nails on the wood shall be removed in time.
3.18.4. Flat top hammer shall be used for drilling, and two persons shall not work opposite each other.
3.18.5 when the infrastructure construction site and the high-altitude ground cross work at the same time, all workers must wear safety helmets and put the tools in the tool bag or basket.
3.18.6. Shelves, walls and bricks in danger shall be removed in time, and no risky operation is allowed.
3.18.7. Pay attention when cutting wood wedges and using backhoes.
3.18.8. When erecting columns, door frames and window frames, firm tie rods must be nailed. The pull rod shall not be nailed on the scaffold or other temporary unstable equipment.
3.18.9. It is not allowed to saw wood on the shelf or on the wall.