1、 What is non-standard mechanical design?
In short, it is the design of non-standard equipment, non-standard parts and non-standard tooling. For example: C616, C620, C630, c6125, M7475, b650, M131 and other equipment are well-known standard equipment in the machining industry, so there are many special equipment not included in the standard equipment, which is the work goal of non-standard designers.
Non standard machinery is a mechanical product that is not finalized. Generally, it can not be bought directly in the market. It should be customized from the manufacturer. The size and shape of machines with the same function may be different.
In addition, non-standard equipment is also greatly affected by the user’s site, and the design of equipment is often restricted by some conditions of users.
Although there are no standards to follow, there are still standards for the design of mechanisms and parts. For specific non-standard equipment, please refer to the design manual of non-standard mechanical equipment.
2、 Jobs
Non standard design is a hard work. First of all, you should have a good practical foundation. You should have oneortwo things in your meetings, such as turning, milling, planing, grinding and pliers. Of course, the more, the better. With these foundations, you can not speak laymen’s language in machining. To speak higher, you can be a machining technician.
Then, you can study the theory course and master the professional theoretical knowledge of non-standard design, such as material mechanics, theoretical mechanics, mechanical drawing, descriptive geometry, Fundamentals of electrical engineering, introduction to computer, etc. Of course, you can go to school first and then practice, and practice first and then study.
Non standard design involves a wide range of aspects. Because the nature of the profession is to solve all aspects of problems, non-standard design workers are required to have a wide range of knowledge and knowledge. The more knowledge, the more effective work, the more knowledge and experience, the more methods to solve problems, the faster and more accurate. (there are many examples of equipment that will not be used or scrapped)
The prospect of non-standard design work has always been very good. The technological progress of the world is inseparable from non-standard design work. In the enterprise, it is the blood of the enterprise (many describe it this way). In the society, it is the pioneer of technological progress, so it is also very glorious to do this work. When you get the certificate of so and so invention, what makes you feel masturbated is that you have made some achievements in promoting technological progress for the society.
3、 Purpose of non-standard design
1. Improve product quality; 2. Improve efficiency; 3. Ensure production safety.
4、 Necessary for non-standard design
1. The necessary design manual can be downloaded electronically on the Internet. The manual is your best teacher. You can find the knowledge you want from the book. For example, if you need gears in design, you can find the parameters of designing gears in the manual. Find the manual first when you encounter problems.
2. Download some brochures of mechanical equipment for you to broaden your mind.
3. The movement track of the equipment is nothing more than straight line or rotation. Mastering these mechanical principles, combined with electrical, pneumatic and hydraulic, we can design non-standard equipment.
4. It is better to download some CAD standard parts and put them in the CAD design center for easy pasting and use and improve work efficiency.
5、 Preparation of non-standard design
1. Understand the purpose of the equipment, is it processing equipment? Or test equipment? Or tooling fixture.
Processing equipment: firstly, ensure the processing accuracy, and secondly, the loading and unloading is convenient, accurate and fast. How to read out the necessary data of the electrical test equipment, and how to provide the necessary test data. Tooling fixture: how to limit the degree of freedom and make loading and unloading fast and reliable.
2. On site investigation to understand relevant data
a) Equipment related data, such as overall dimensions, corresponding drawings and dimensions
b) Whether the relevant data of the equipment installation site interfere with other equipment
c) Electrical related data used for equipment installation, voltage and power
3. Prepare some industry standards and product related data of online manufacturers. All manufacturers will provide data such as principle and installation size to prepare for drawing.
4. Come up with the scheme: the feasibility report of the scheme includes the following contents:
a) The efficiency and accuracy of the original equipment, and explain why it is updated or increased
b) Features of new equipment
c) Production cost, including material cost, labor cost and outsourcing processing cost
d) Cost recovery period: recover the investment within half a year and do it immediately; It can be done to recover the investment within one year. Including how much labor cost is reduced, the value created by improving efficiency, etc
e) Production cycle estimation
6、 Design process
1. Sketch the design in your head, give full play to your imagination, and divide the equipment into several blocks. How to structure and connect each block.
2. Drawing and putting ideas on the drawing. First draw the general drawing, and then draw the parts drawing. Easy to change design and ideas.
3. For strength verification, those with experience can directly select materials, and those with less experience should make simple verification to prevent major mistakes.
4. Check the drawing, mainly check whether the parts have interference, and whether it is convenient for installation, use and maintenance.
5. Sort out the drawings and calculate the weight of accessories for quick quotation. The price of processed accessories can be calculated according to the weight of materials × The material price can be 2 ~ 3 times.
7、 Market research inquiry
Make inquiries on the market for the designed product components and parts, and try to use common parts to facilitate maintenance and exchange.
8、 Design advice
1. The things designed by novices are certainly not perfect. You should consult the old engineers. Generally, they will give you guidance and improve yourself. Those with a strong sense of responsibility may be worried and can’t sleep. Everyone comes from this step. As long as you pay attention, you will have no problem. Even if there are mistakes, it is inevitable. It depends on how you make up for it.
The reason is very simple. There are few available principles. The development is also driven by the electrical industry and the effective combination of machinery and electricity, pneumatic and hydraulic. The development of new materials has brought benefits of lightness and durability to machinery.
2. The mechanical principle is the same as the notes. There are only a few. Whether it’s equipment or products, it’s just how to match. Read more other people’s designs, understand the design concept, and apply it to your own design. This is not plagiarism, but application.
3. The designed things must be convenient for maintenance. As small as whether there is room for the wrench, it can’t be used with hexagon socket bolts. To facilitate processing, processing problems should be considered in the design. For example, try not to drill on the circular arc surface. If it is necessary to drill, either through the center, or first process the platform and then drill.
4. After the first draft of the design comes out, it must be optimized. Is there a simpler way or more advanced parts to replace it. For example, to make an electric flat car, there are DC and AC drives. The AC is not very safe, and there is electric line transmission. The DC cost is high. There should be rectifying devices, but batteries can also be used.
The speed required for transporting flat cars is very low, 60m / min, and the number of motor revolutions is very high. Usually, the gearbox is used to change the speed, but the speed of Brushless DC motor can be 40R / min on the Internet. In this way, the gearbox is not used, the investment is reduced, the fault points are reduced, and the maintenance cost is reduced. This is innovation.